CHICAGO — Vitamins and supplements that countless people take to improve their health are just a waste of money, a new study contends. Researchers from Northwestern University say their health benefits are mainly in the mind and some may even do more harm than good.
According to the CDC, nearly six in 10 Americans regularly took dietary supplements in 2018. Last year, Americans spent nearly $50 billion on vitamins and supplements. However, the research team says there’s no “magic set of pills to keep you healthy.” Instead, diet and exercise are still the key to good health.
“Patients ask all the time, ‘What supplements should I be taking?’” says lead author Dr. Jeffrey Linder from Northwestern University in a media release. “They’re wasting money and focus thinking there has to be a magic set of pills that will keep them healthy when we should all be following the evidence-based practices of eating healthy and exercising,”
Certain supplements could cause cancer, not prevent it
Multivitamin tablets are particularly popular as they contain a mix of a dozen or so vital nutrients. The Health Food Manufacturers’ Association says more than a third of people feel they do not get all they need through their diet.
However, the systematic review of 84 studies found “insufficient evidence” that taking multivitamins, paired, or single supplements prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. A team from the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), an independent panel of experts that makes evidence-based recommendations, carried out that review.
READ: 5 Studies That Suggest Multivitamins Are Not Improving Your Health
“The task force is not saying ‘don’t take multivitamins,’ but there’s this idea that if these were really good for you, we’d know by now,” Linder explains.
They specifically advise against taking beta-carotene supplements because of a possible increased risk of lung cancer.
“The harm is that talking with patients about supplements during the very limited time we get to see them, we’re missing out on counseling about how to really reduce cardiovascular risks, like through exercise or smoking cessation,” the study author continues.
Multivitamins don’t have everything found in your fruit and vegetables
Writing in JAMA, Dr. Linder and colleagues say more than half of American adults take vitamins and supplements, with their popularity projected to increase significantly over the next decade. Eating fruits and vegetables leads to decreased cardiovascular disease and cancer risk, according to the team.
READ: Taking These Supplements Can Lower Risk Of Developing Autoimmune Diseases
So, it is reasonable to think key vitamins and minerals could be extracted and packaged into a pill – saving trouble and expense of maintaining a balanced diet. Unfortunately, researchers explain that whole fruits and vegetables contain a mixture of vitamins, plant chemicals, fiber, and other nutrients that probably combine to boost your health.
Micronutrients in isolation may act differently in the body than when naturally packaged with a host of other dietary components. Dr. Linder notes individuals who have a vitamin deficiency can still benefit from taking dietary supplements such as calcium and vitamin D. Previous studies have shown that they can prevent fractures and falls in older adults.
The revised guidelines do not apply to women who are pregnant or planning to start a family.
“Pregnant individuals should keep in mind that these guidelines don’t apply to them,” says co-author Dr. Natalie Cameron, an instructor of general internal medicine at Northwestern.
READ: 6 Amazing Benefits From Taking Fish Oil Supplements
“Certain vitamins, such as folic acid, are essential for pregnant women to support healthy fetal development. The most common way to meet these needs is to take a prenatal vitamin. More data is needed to understand how specific vitamin supplementation may modify risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular complications during pregnancy.”
Overcoming the cost of eating healthy
Recent research has found most women in the U.S. have poor heart health prior to becoming pregnant. Dr. Cameron says discussing vitamin supplementation and optimizing cardiovascular health prior to pregnancy is an important component of pre-natal care. However, healthy eating can be a challenge when U.S. food manufacturers focus on processed products packed with fat, sugar, and salt.
“To adopt a healthy diet and exercise more, that’s easier said than done, especially among lower-income Americans,” notes co-author Dr. Jenny Jia. “Healthy food is expensive, and people don’t always have the means to find environments to exercise—maybe it’s unsafe outdoors or they can’t afford a facility. So, what can we do to try to make it easier and help support healthier decisions?”
READ: Power Of Positivity: Health Benefits Of Multivitamins ‘May All Be In The Mind’
Dr. Jia has been working with charitable food pantries and banks that supply free groceries to help people pick healthier choices and encourage donors to provide healthier options or money.
South West News Service writer Mark Waghorn contributed to this report.
This research has been brought to you by Big Pharma.
Hahahahaha….. Ya. Americans can’t trust anyone because they feel that everyone is out to cheat and rob them, because American society produces cheats and robbers by it’s nature.
American culture is diseased.
What makes you think that this is an “American” thing? What culture is not diseased in 2022?
I’ll err on the side of having more nutrition than necessary than not getting enough and keep taking my supplements. I’d rather be on supplements than pharmaceuticals. I’m 55 and avoid pharmaceuticals.
Big pharma doesn’t want to cure people’s ailments, they want people to be stuck talking their products for life. They have admitted that themselves.
I’m 61 and only take one so called pharmaceutical which is an over the counter drug in freer countries than the U.S.. I had horrible health until starting to take vitamins. Now I’m doing much better. I had cancer with major surgery. The cancer wasn’t so bad, but the U.S. big pharma cure left me permanently scared and damaged inside. Next round with cancer, I will go to Mexico. They have better cures.
You are definitely correct. Big Pharmaceutical is corrupt just like our current government
That is absolutely the truth!
How many of the studies that prove the benefits of supplements did you post?
None. Of thousands.
I know of one company that does clinical human studies on their product before they release it.
I have been taking supplements for decades. Twice I had to go off of them for surgery and after not getting a cold or the flu for close to ten years, doh! When I halted my regimen the first time I got a horrendous cold. The second time, I had the flu. Waste of money, I think not.
Yet, the whole world is trying to get in. Curious.
Aren’t you Sicilian? Are you part of the La Costra Nostra?
La Cosa Nostra – COSA – “cause”
No not at all, it’s just that we are not as naive is you.
As American’s G Machuze and I are sovereign citizens, our Govt works for us. Whereas you are a subject of your government and do whatever you are told.
Americans are responsible for ourselves and our safety, Govt does not take care of us. We also understand history and human nature, it’s the same all over the world. Unless you think angels have come down from heaven to run your Govt. LOL ????
You sir are very naive if you think the people in your government always tell you the truth and never take advantage of thier office. Same goes for corporations and people in general.
You might try critical thinking, it’s liberating.
“Sovereign Citizens” lololololololol
One of the CDCs biggest investors is the Sergey Brin Family foundation. And guess who pledged the most money to that foundation in 2021… Bill Gates. The CDC conducted this “research” and it is in their interest to make these claims to line the pockets of the people that fund them. None of this has to be true. It’s all just marketing. Just business as usually for big pharma gangsters in America who make their money off sick people.
The report said to STOP taking vitamins, so who will benefit financially if the consumers STOP buying these products? Oops, there is a hole in your conspiracy theory.
They want you to stop taking them so that you’ll get sick and depend on pharmaceuticals
“Hahahahaha….. Ya…American society produces cheats and robbers by it’s [sic] nature.”
The fevered babblings of an illiterate with a diseased mind.
Then why are you still living here a-Hole!
We have a lot of good competition around the world!!!
What is the number of people coming to the US and what is the number of them leaving. EXACTLY!!!
You really believe it’s American culture why don’t you try a Godless culture travel the world and you will find out it gets worse than it is in America
But yet everyone wants to come here. And everyone wants to be me because I am an American god.
This is not true.
As far as a diseased culture, all cultures have been infiltrated by evil in one way or another.
What is the NAME of YOUR COUNTRY, let’s examine it.
$50 billion dollar industy…The Vitamin industry IS big Pharma, only it is unregulated and not supported by any valid peer reviewed science.
Really? How’s the weather over at Pfizer headquarters today Shane?
How’s the weather over at Herbalife today saoirse?
Big pharma wants you to eat a salad? The pharmaceutical industry is real but this article doesn’t benefit them in any way. Along with mistrust of pharmaceutical companies, add a healthy dose of skepticism for Big Supplements. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/herbal-supplements-targeted-by-new-york-attorney-general/
And also by the AMA perhaps. As the article states, people take vitamins and avoid “important” trips to the doc over health issues. Gotta keep that unneeded office visit revenue rolling in. See the almighty doc. Vitamins are ok for pregnant “individuals” though.
Oh Hardly, Go ahead man. LOad up on IRON despite overWHELMING research. If you stopped eating at McDonald’s and ate fruits and vegetables and lean meets and fish you would do much better. But nooooo. As an unskilled at anything guy, you know better
You forgot fats, animal fats. Yeah the myth that fat is bad has been disproven long ago yet you still believe. Animal fats are essential for hormone production and many other processes.
The same happens in medicine, institutional inertia that’s resistant to change.
If your doctor doesn’t keep up with new science he’ll be practicing old medicine. If he does pay attention it will likely take up to 7 years for the lastest information to get to him. There are a few who keep current but they are far and few between.
If you take anything in access it can be harmful. Supplements should supplement. In other words a vitamin will not make up for poor diet, but it can help (supplement) a good diet.
There are certain compounds body makes less so as we age. Some can be supplemented while others get destroyed by our digestive tract. In that case we can take precursors to help our body produce what we need. PPQ, CoQ10, Glutathione etc. Vitamin D3 in higher amounts of 5,000 to 10,000 iu has show to improve health and longevity. D3 is basically a hormone. When our skin is exposed to sunlight it produces vitamin D in very large quantities. Unfortunately most people get little sunlight and in northern climates the sun isn’t intensive during the winter months to produce vitamin D.
But you trust what you are told, trust the weakest form of evidence aka a study and never researched the subject yourself. ????
Paul,
Do you use transdermal glutathione? I am interested in learning more about how you take these “precursors.”
I would appreciate knowing more. Thank you
Animal fats are only good for the animals to whom they belong. Humans do not need to consume animal fats.
Meets? Oh brother. (back to school)
Yeah, everyone knows “Big Pharma” wants people to realize that there aren’t magic pills that solve every single problem and don’t have to prove that they do with any sort of evidence. “Big Pharma” companies definitely wouldn’t actually be among the companies benefitting from this system of “dietary supplements.” Please don’t check any of the labels.
And yet, the “negative” article goes on to mention that Vitamin D, Calcium and Folic Acid HAVE been proven beneficial. Other studies show benefits. Key word is “Supplements.” Multivitamins and certain herbs should not be used to REPLACE healthy eating…but they can be a helpful supplement!
Well, then they’re not doing a very good job of convincing us to take vitamins here. Idiot!
Clearly they are, they’re making $50 billion a year off of pseudoscience nonsense because people refuse to do any real research before buying into things.
This article is for sure manufactured by agricultural sources fearing vitamins will replace food. Which is over thinking a subject. The fact that supplements that help with a missing vitamin or nutritional need reflected in a blood test, is real. This article is reckless and irresponsible. Diabetics can not eat most fruits for fear of high readings on the glucometer. Some foods would have to be eaten at great volumes to reach what supplements can provide. Take this propaganda down now.
Did you read your comment before posting? Big pharmas entire existence relies on people believing that pills will solve their problems. Yet their against pills that solve their problems? You seem very dim. Like a 120 volt bulb attached to a 9-volt.
Thats a 120 WATT bulb Einstein.
That’s why it is important to take WHOLE FOOD supplements along with a healthy diet. Sad when a gov funded agency recommends Food Banks because healthy food purchases are beyond the reach of so many. And in radon & cancer capitals like NJ, do you really want to eat produce from our soil? Why is the gov is providing farmers with their own food banks? It’s essentially paying farmers Not to grow food.
Correct! Whole Food supplements, which are supplements derived from fruits and vegetables directly, not synthesized in a lab, are easier for our bodies to absorb.
I’d like to know the quality of supplements they used for this study.
The “Clinical Study” is 100% correct if we assume that the diet comprises mainly artificial ingredients, trans fats, sugars, soy, etc. The innate intelligence/immune function can only do so much. The reality is that we our body’s need organic whole foods, exercise, mental health support and of course genetic testing to personalize micro/macro nutrients. The author is lacking in mental clarity by discounting nutrients w/o establishing a base-line of diet.
Totally agree. For instance 2,400 mgs of fermented garlic a day has demonstrated through RTCs to be more effective than statins at enhancing arterial health. Ditto for baby aspirin. Vitamin D has shown to be effective in fighting off Covid in numerous studies as well as an effective defense against 19 different types of cancer. And, so on. The idiocy of this article is that it seems to deny that there are any compounds outside of what Big Pharm produced that are worthy of consumption. Is that not interesting. Also, no one I know who utilizes these natural compounds for health are doing so at the exclusion of a good diet and physical activity – this is as straw man that they created.
Exactly ????????????????
Absolutely. I never rely on the “American Health Scare System” for my health and well being. I eat organic food as much as possible and take all the essential vitamins that I need. I feel great!
Yep
You’re probably one of those fools that thinks “Balance of Nature” , “Enzyte” and “Prevagen” actually work. All 3 are nothing but snake oil. Blood tests will tell you what you really need.
I have been using vitamins all my life and I have never had cancers or flues or any else.
Some prescription drugs are a waste of money. Some visits to the doctor are a waste of money.
Came here to say this exact same thing!! Ha!!
I do believe this study is blatant lie I’m living proof supplements help greatly. Big pharmaceutical lies to fill their coffers!!
Who pays for these research studies? That’s the real waste of money. These studies conclude the most obvious things. Like people actually don’t like being smacked in the face …new study finds. But more research is needed…what a waste of money. Also this study does not take individuality into account. Everyone is different. Many people are deficient in nutrients. I think individuals are more than capable if deciding for themselves if a supplement is helping and what supplements work. Like another comment here, big pharma doesn’t make money from supplements. Oh and also prescription medications are made from these same supplement along with a ton of unnecessary fillers and a 200% price mark up for profit. If you ask me these studies are the real waste of time and money! Who needed a nother study to tout the benefits of diet and exercise?! Any person who is going to read this study would already know that diet and exercise are important. The crime is that this is where our tax dollars are going. Way to take power from the people. Lets research things that 2 year olds can’t conclude with the peoples money please!
Big pharma kills more than any other big industry…
Exactly, they are the ones that don’t want you to stay healthy.
Who would they push their drugs to.
come on. use common sense … vitamins. one of the biggest frauds perpetrated on people … ever. some vitamins are good, but not many. eat fruit and vegetables, exercise. don’t drink a lot. don’t take bad drugs. simple stuff
Get some sunshine. Necessary for the production of D.
Duh. That causes skin cancer. Drink some milk. That covers it.
bet you’re pasty
John, Hahaha. Milk does NOT contain vitamin D until vitamin D is added to it. LOL
I’ve read that light decreases vitamin D in milk, yet we went from opaque waxed cardboard containers to clear plastic (bad for landfill) stored on well lit shelves at the grocery store.
Not a problem. The sun always shines on America, unlike your diseased, 3rd world dictatorship.
The only way to know how much and if you need any supplements is via a blood test. Also, keep in mind that there’s a difference between the “normal range and optimum nutrition. You’re lifestyle influences your nutritional health. Do you exercise, drink alcohol, smoke, etc. There’s no one size fits all answer and your dr. has studied, at most, about 2 hrs. of nutrition in med school. It’s not in the drs. best interests to help you to become healthy and drs. can do only 3 things: cut you, poison you, and burn you. Surgery, drugs, and radiation.
Good advice. Or go to the doctor and get a pill. Then go back to the doctor for the side effects of that pill, he’ll give you another pill. Then before you know it you’ll be taking 30 to 34 pills to cover up all your symptoms. Oh and then you die early in bad medicated health.
All because diet and exercise were too hard. ????
I’m weird, I don’t smoke, don’t do drugs, eat right, take supplements and exercise. Everybody thinks I’m 10 years younger and I think everyone else is 10 to 20 years older. ????
The crazy part is some people who are in terrible shape think I’m crazy for exercising. ????
Eliminated carbs in my arthritis went away in a week or two, huge from bars and did shoulder exercises and my bursitis disappeared, did deep tissue massage on my feet and the problems the podiatrist said would never go away are gone.
It’s called the “practice” of medicine for a reason, they practice!
Too many people listen to their doctor and think it’s the final word. It’s not The internet contains the sum total of human knowledge and it’s at your fingertips. Use it!
Did you stop eating all carbs to get rid of the arthritis?
Most of them are definitely completely useless. If anything, like they said, they should be used to supplement an actual deficiency, not replace any actual effort. And not the ones that everyone buys at the stores, they’re all just crap unless it’s prescribed and administered by a pharmacy.
Well, all that store bought crap has prevented me from getting a cold or flu for over two years now.
You mean those 2 years where people were washing hands constantly, many were wearing masks, and keeping their distance? Interestingly, I have not had a cold or flu the past few years either, and I take no vitamins. Glad you can tell it’s your vitamins working though.
Read “Vermont Folk Medicine”. It’s all about the benefits of apple cider vinegar. A couple of table spoons per day and I don’t get the flu or colds.
you lost me at don’t drink alot
PROFOUNDLY accurate & inaccurate at the same time. 1) Over 80% of all supplements sold in US are garbage, leaving the study foundationally underserved & inaccurate. 2) One-second QRA test shows you how strong or weak a substance/food instantly causes you to become. Hold bottle against body: ???????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????????? & ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? QRA.me has simple free instructions, along w/ bidigitals.com & others.
“???????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????, ????????????????????????, & ???????????? ????????????????.” Less opining, more testing, please
This is a good article in the sense that it helps show how many of these so called “studies” are of little value in real world health decisions.
One example might be their failing to mention how vitamin D has helped so many Covid 19 patients minimize symptoms.
“One example might be their failing to mention how vitamin D has helped so many Covid 19 patients minimize symptoms.”
In fact there is no reliable evidence that D does anything for Covid patients, although it is cheap, may have some effect, and people are generally low in D particularly in winter.
Vitamin D had no effect on the CV. Neither did Ivermectin. But people just want to believe whatever they want with no medical skills. So be it. If a fierce set of ebola comes, you can deny it. And be liquid in three days. Because it HAS to be a political conspiracy.
“Medical skills?” Ebola is like Covid? You’re the one displaying a lack of medical knowledge or even critical thinking skills.
@John
You made nothing but baseless assertions.
It’s a flu, not the black plague, get over it already.
Then why did the hospital prescribe to me B1 and potassium when I was there?The recommended allowance of Potassium is 4700 mg a day. Who gets that through diet?Even a very healthy diet. No wonder everyone has high blood pressure. It is choosing the correct supplement without cheap fillers. The author of this article needs to go back and do some simple research instead voicing an ignorant opinion.
B1 is usually prescribed for heavy alcohol intake which also leads to low potassium (and magnesium).
I call total BS on this. You cherry picked potassium as one of the VERY FEW (if not ONLY) substances that we cannot get through a normal healthy diet (as opposed to ingesting 8 bananas/day to get over 4000 mg of K). But for typical vitamins (D, E, B, C) and minerals like iron, it’s pretty darn easy to get enough if you just eat fruit, vegetables, and lean meats. The problem is that too many Americans call their “diet” a burger and fries. Oh well, at least there’s some potassium in all those fried potatoes.
As Panagiotopoulos points out, it’s possible to actually have an actual vitamin deficiency. That doesn’t mean multi-vitamins are something a person needs in general under normal circumstances.
But also, let’s not forget that many doctors proscribe things simply because people expect it. The most extreme example being that frequently people all but directly force a doctor to give them a prescription for antibacterials when they have, guess what, a viral disease (all too frequently just a common cold.) Which, btw, is part of what is leading to all the problems we are having with antibacterial resistance since they’re far over-prescribed and people rarely finish their prescriptions once they get well. Now, some here may be ignorant of what that means, so let’s be clear: antibacterials, are only effective against *bacteria.* Viruses are not bacteria. They are radically different and any doctor who managed to get through the first month of medical school already knows the difference and would realize that the things antibacterials do will have no effect on normal viruses and certainly won’t help the patient. But they also know that many people will switch to a doctor who will proscribe what they expect that they have to have, so they do it anyway.
In short, because someone once proscribed something isn’t evidence it is necessary or even beneficial. In your case perhaps it was. I don’t know the circumstances leading to that hospital trip, but it probably wasn’t a cold if you ended up in the hospital. But the act itself is not evidence or proof of anything.
They are called antibiotics, not antibacterial. And it’s spelled prescribe, not proscribe.
They literally said that supplements should only be taken as supplements for deficiencies. I think you need to go and do some simple research on reading comprehension and learn how to read.
Nothing new here. this has been the consensus opinion for many, many decades.
No mention of folate?
Yep need to protect western medicine sales. Based upon my personal experience, apple cider vinegar is 100% effective for my GERD type symptoms and Quercetin is 100% effective for my allergies. No prescription, low cost that actually works is what they are trying to hide.
Apple Cider vinegar has also been studied….and it also has shown no benefits. It’s all placebo effect.
You’re so full of it
And let us see the studies over 50K random people double-blind because you never went to medical school.
The headline is misleading. The only thing the study showed is that supplements don’t prevent cancer or heart disease. People take vitamins for other, scientifically valid reasons. Like folate during pregnancy or Vitamin D to prevent thinning bones.
Very good observation. Food, supplements , prescriptions , car oil change , cellular service , etc. all requires doing your home work and then make decisions based on your needs. Just being cynical will get you sick quicker than anything.
I was told in my pharmacy class that most vitamins you take, you excrete in your urine. If your body doesn’t need it, it will not absorb and the body will get rid of it. It is best to get vitamins and minerals through food. It’s best to have blood work done to see what vitamin your lacking and find the foods that are high in that vitamin(s).
Good common sense, much needed in this thread. Thank you.
Well put, thank you
If that’s the case, why are our staple foods “fortified” with vitamins? You can’t buy any milk or juice that doesn’t have vitamins synthetically placed into it.
The bigger problem is they don’t have enough and high quality vitamins, not that there are vitamins. Especially in the US work culture where you’re forced indoors during the best hours of the day, rather than allowed to relax outside and get sunlight like pretty much every other society.
Doctors and the wealthy all take vitamins, and every gym I’ve been to with fit healthy people everyone takes vitamins. I see these articles telling the most vulnerable people not to take them, insisting they are a ripoff. But vitamins barely cost anything, a year’s supply of D for instance is like $15, a quality multivitamin might run you $100 a year. Your medical costs will be much higher if you refuse to get your vitamins and minerals. It’s almost impossible to get them with our diets and lifestyles, we just don’t have enough time in the sun and the foods we have today have been stripped of their nutritional quality, if you buy from a good organic farm sure there’s more in those foods, but it’s very hard to get that stuff and is more expensive (and a lot of false advertising/fake products).
I’ve worked in several foreign countries… indoors… during the best part of the days. I’ll admit that I wasn’t there to herd goats.
Yes, that’s the entire point of the article. It isn’t the vitamins themselves, it’s the multivitamins stuffed with filler crap that you don’t need. You can get most, if not all, of the vitamins you need through a decent diet. Maybe not drinking milk would help you out, too, though. It’s vile when you know what’s really in it and it destroys your colon.
Vitamins and minerals are good for you when they are contained within fruits and vegtable, however when vitamins and minerals are separated from the fibers in fruits and vegetables then they magically lose their health benefits.
Suuure, we all believe that 😉
It’s because most vitamins are synthetic, isolated and fragmented. If you take whole food capsules that are made out of the fruits and vegetables, you get the nutrients you need, and your body can absorb it. I’ve been taking them for 13 years. They work!
The best supplements to take are vitamin C, 2,000 mg a day, b complex with all b vitamins, D 1,000 mcg a day. Any minerals as needed.
Fish oil, Vitamin C, Tumeric, etc. If you’re getting a concentrated source in the form of a capsule, pill, then how can these not be effective? Why is it only effective when consumed only as food (lol)?
Bahahahahhahaha go ahead vitamin deniers. Stop taking your vitamins then!
This article like others I have seen say that vitamins will not cure a disease, of course not, but that is not the reason I and many others take them. They are called supplements not cures, they supplement the deficiencies that most people have in their diets.
Kind of weird. I don’t take supplements to prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer so the article is irrelevant as are its sweeping conclusions extrapolated from findings wrt to the incidence of both. I also eat healthy, exercise regularly and vigorously, and am not looking to displace healthy habits with supplements. Key word: supplements, not displacements.
From the article: “The harm is that talking with patients about supplements during the very limited time we get to see them, we’re missing out on counseling about how to really reduce cardiovascular risks, like through exercise or smoking cessation.”
So, a major problem regarding preventive health measures is doctors not taking the time to discuss effective measures with patients! Is that the fault of the doctors, the health insurance companies, the medical practice corporations, or all of them?
The weakness of this study is that it only focuses on heart disease and cancer. There are other health considerations: Strength and stamina. Immunity to infectious disease. Mental acuity. Recovery from injury. Resistance to stress effects. Sustained energy over long hours.
I don’t have time or interest enough to cook fresh vegetables and instead depend on frozen ones, fully expecting that the nutrients have mostly been processed out of them. At 79 I do manual labor regularly and believe supplements enable me to do it — otherwise I’d watch TV all day.
A better study would consider whether supplements affect over-all health.
Another garbage study! I used to have colds and severe flu every winter, but have had none of them for the past 48 years. I have never had a flu shot. At age 33 I followed Linus Paulings’ advice and started taking 1000 mg of Vitamin C everyday. Now at age 81 I am in perfect health. All of my blood tests include results only from normal to much better than normal. Over the years I have added other supplements like Vitamins K, D3, and B complex, Astaxanthin, folic acid, CoQ10, alpha lipoic acid, etc. In short, lots of antioxidants. I can still do virtually everything I ever did at age 20, and I fully expect to live past 100. I owe it all to supplements.
I am 80 years old as of Sept. 12 2022. I get a flu shot every year (after discussing the need of it with my Doc.) I get sick once or twice a year. regardless of what the Doc says. I think Linnus was a genius, of course I have never taken Vit. C , other than when actually sick, and regulary drink a pack of Shiner Bock (I live in Texas) daily which I think has absoluty no effect on my health except to make a boring night on the range a little more fun. Some times the conversation between prescription drug manufactures and the rest of the real world is not worth the time to listen to.
@Hard Truth is exactly correct. The average American is actually pretty much incapable of achieving proper nutritional intake…through no fault of their own.